In the tenth year of the Hijrah, standing on the plains of Mount Arafat surrounded by over 100,000 companions, the Prophet Muhammad ﷺ delivered his historic Farewell Address (Khutbat al-Wada'). It was not just a religious farewell, but a universal declaration of human equality, women’s rights, and the sanctity of human life.

Universal Racial Equality

In an era dominated by tribal elitism and systemic discrimination, the Prophet ﷺ proclaimed the radical truth of human equality:

«يَا أَيُّهَا النَّاسُ، إِنَّ رَبَّكُمْ وَاحِدٌ، وَإِنَّ أَبَاكُمْ وَاحِدٌ، أَلَا لَا فَضْلَ لِعَرَبِيٍّ عَلَى أَعْجَمِيٍّ، وَلَا لِعَجَمِيٍّ عَلَى عَرَبِيٍّ، وَلَا لِأَحْمَرَ عَلَى أَسْوَدَ، وَلَا أَسْوَدَ عَلَى أَحْمَرَ إِلَّا بِالتَّقْوَى»
"O people! Verily your Lord is One, and your father is one. An Arab has no superiority over a non-Arab, nor has a non-Arab any superiority over an Arab; nor has a white person any superiority over a black person, nor a black person over a white person, except by piety and good action." — Musnad Ahmad

The Sanctity of Life and Property

The Prophet ﷺ compared the inviolability of every individual's life, wealth, and honor to the sanctity of the sacred month of Dhul Hijjah, in the sacred city of Makkah, on the sacred day of Arafah.

Vindication of the Rights of Women

He solemnly charged the believers: "Treat your women with kindness, for they are your partners and committed companions. You have taken them only as a trust from Allah."